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  • Blog
    • Sequence Parallel & Ring Attention: Training with Ultra-Long Contexts
    • Ascend NPU Support: Fused Operators and Flash Linear Attention
    • Two Execution Modes: torchrun (Local) vs Ray (Distributed)
    • Multi-LoRA: Concurrent Multi-Tenant Training on Shared GPUs
    • TUI & Auto-Research: An AI Agent for Training Control
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  • Quick Start
  • Concepts & Architecture
    • Components
    • Runtime Modes
    • Multi-Tenancy
    • Server & Client
    • Training as a Service
    • Cookbook
    • NPU Support
    • Architecture
  • API Reference
  • Usage Guide
    • Training Guide
    • Twinkle Installation
    • Server and Client
      • Overview
      • Server
      • Observability
      • Twinkle Client
      • Tinker Client
    • NPU (Ascend) Quick Start Guide
    • Twinkle Training Service on ModelScope
    • Qwen3.5 Training Best Practices
    • Embedding Training
  • Components
    • Dataset
      • Basic Dataset Components
      • Lazy Loading Dataset
      • Fixed-Length Packing Dataset
      • Streaming Dataset
      • Streaming Fixed-Length Packing Dataset
    • Data Format
      • Message
      • Trajectory
      • Model Input
      • Model Output
      • Sampling Output
      • Model Output
    • Template
      • DeepSeek-V4 Template
      • Tool Call Parsers
      • Template
    • Preprocessor and Filter
      • Preprocessor
      • Built-in Preprocessors
      • Filter
    • Data Loading
      • DataLoader
    • Task Processor
      • InputProcessor
    • Model
      • Supported Models
      • TwinkleModel
      • TransformersModel
      • MultiLoraTransformersModel
      • MegatronModel
      • MultiLoraMegatronModel
    • Sampler
      • Sampler
      • vLLMSampler
      • TorchSampler
    • Reward
      • Reward
      • GSM8K Reward
      • MultiModal Reward
      • OlympiadBench Reward
    • Advantage
      • Advantage
      • GRPOAdvantage
      • RLOOAdvantage
    • Hub
      • Hub
    • Checkpoint Engine
      • CheckpointEngine
      • NCCLCheckpointEngine
      • HCCLCheckpointEngine
    • Metrics
      • TrainMetric
      • LossMetric
      • Accuracy
      • CompletionRewardMetric
      • DPOMetric
      • GRPOMetric
      • EmbeddingMetric
      • Building Metrics
    • Loss
      • InfoNCE Loss
      • Cross Entropy
      • Chunked Cross Entropy
      • DPO Loss
      • GKD Loss
      • GRPO Loss
      • MSE Loss
      • Building New Loss
    • Loss Scale
      • Loss Scale
    • LRScheduler
      • CosineWarmupScheduler
      • LinearWarmupScheduler
    • Patch
      • Patch
    • Plugin
      • Plugin
    • Kernel
      • Twinkle Kernel Module
    • Training Middleware
      • DeviceMesh/DeviceGroup
      • Expert Parallel (EP)
      • Sequence Parallel (SP)
      • Padding-Free Training
      • RemoteClass
      • TwinkleClient
    • CLI
      • CLI
    • Notifier
      • Notifier
    • Agentic
      • Agentic Preprocessor
      • Protocol
      • Multi-Turn Rollout
      • Tools & ToolManager
      • Environments (Envs)
      • Multi-Turn Tool Usage Guide
    • Auto
      • Auto-Research
      • SkillProvider
  • Need help?
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Documentation
Concepts & Architecture

Concepts & Architecture

Comprehensive guides for understanding Twinkle’s architecture, runtime modes, and deployment.

Architecture Components Runtime Modes Server & Client Multi-Tenancy chipNPU Support Training as a Service Cookbook
FSDP, MoE, RL training examples
docs

© 2026 ModelScope. Licensed under Apache License 2.0.

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